Building engineering students’ adaptive performance through challenge‑based learning: A sensemaking perspective

Authors

Gabi Kaffka
Department of Strategy and Entrepreneurship, Tilburg School of Economics and Management, Tilburg University, The Netherlands
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8037-2151
Yvette Baggen
Education and Learning Sciences, Social Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, The Netherlands
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-3925
Jan van Tartwijk
Department of Education and Pedagogy, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-4163
Marieke van der Schaaf
Center for Research and Development in Health Professions Education, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6555-5320

Synopsis

This study seeks to provide insights into micro-level processes which help explain how challenge-based learning (CBL) supports development of adaptive performance among students in higher education. Based on empirical data and using the sensemaking perspective, we analyse how educational design of CBL enables and develops adaptive performance among engineering students.

We show that, in addition to task- and curriculum-related factors, there are important contextual factors in education design supportive of adaptive performance development. Specifically, a safe learning environment and informal interaction with teaching staff contribute to this. 

We found that such an environment allows students to engage in (negative) feedback loops using sensegiving, sensedemanding, and sensebreaking. These sensemaking skills constitute collaborative discourse relevant for development of adaptive performance in higher education.

Our findings indicate that practice of sensegiving, sensedemanding, and sensebreaking during CBL helps to develop students' adaptive performance. Namely, by enabling students' use of questions as well as their engagement with (negative) feedback within and outside the classroom, such as with challenge-owner or relevant stakeholders.

Furthermore, we argue that sensegiving, sensedemanding, and sensebreaking can serve as empirical indicators for assessment of adaptive performance development among students in higher education and beyond.

Author Biographies

Gabi Kaffka, Department of Strategy and Entrepreneurship, Tilburg School of Economics and Management, Tilburg University, The Netherlands

Gabi Kaffka studied sociology at the University of Amsterdam and received her PhD in entrepreneurship studies from the University of Twente, the Netherlands. Currently, she holds a position as assistant professor at the Tilburg School of Economics & Management, Tilburg University in the Netherlands.

Her work focuses on social cognitive aspects of innovative and entrepreneurial professional teams and individuals. In the past, dr. Kaffka carried out postdoctoral research for the Strategic Alliance EWUU in the Netherlands. In 2020, her research won the prize for Best Empirical Paper at the Annual Academy of Management Conference (Entrepreneurship Division). 

She has also been affiliated to the HEInnovate project (European Commission and OECD) where she reported on best practices in entrepreneurial teaching and learning in higher education in Ireland and the Netherlands; and she has led an EU consortium on the design of the EPIC toolkit (https://heinnovate.eu/en/other-initiatives) which facilitates assessment of entrepreneurial and innovative competences of individuals. 

Yvette Baggen, Education and Learning Sciences, Social Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, The Netherlands

Yvette Baggen is an associate professor at Wageningen University & Research, specialising in entrepreneurial learning, adaptive expertise, and transdisciplinary learning in higher education and organisations. With her work she aims to empower students and professionals as change agents, equipping them to tackle real-world sustainability challnges. Via the 4TU.CEE and the EWUU Alliance (TU/e, WUR, UU, UMC Utrecht) she contributes to different research projects in developing, implementing and evaluating innovative learning trajectories for students and professionals. 

Jan van Tartwijk, Department of Education and Pedagogy, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands

Jan van Tartwijk is a professor of education and vice-dean for graduate education at the Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences at Utrecht University. Jan has worked in various sectors within higher education, such as health professions education and teacher training programmes. 

In his teaching and research, Jan focuses in particular on teachers and the development of their expertise. Together with colleagues, he has been conducting research for many years into how teachers develop expertise in building positive interpersonal relationships with pupils. He and his colleagues are also studying the adaptability of teachers to changing or new circumstances and challenges. In Utrecht, Jan is one of the leaders of the university's Higher Education Research focus area, and together with colleagues from the universities of Helsinki and Oxford, he is currently editing a handbook on the results of research into higher education, which will be published by Routledge in 2026. 

Marieke van der Schaaf, Center for Research and Development in Health Professions Education, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands

Marieke van der Schaaf is an educational scientist and full professor in Research and Development in Health Professions Education at University Medical Center Utrecht. She directs the Utrecht Center for Research and Development of Education and the Life Sciences Education Research PhD program at Utrecht University. With over 25 years of experience, her research focuses on adaptive expertise, feedback, and faculty development. She has received multiple international grants and supervises numerous (PhD) students and projects in these areas.

Published

May 19, 2026

License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Kaffka, G., Baggen, Y., van Tartwijk, J., & van der Schaaf, M. (2026). Building engineering students’ adaptive performance through challenge‑based learning: A sensemaking perspective. In Y. Baggen, A. van den Beemt, M. van der Schaaf, & J. van Tartwijk (Eds.), Adaptive Performance: Conceptualisation and Mechanisms in Engineering Education (pp. 99-118). TU Delft OPEN Books. https://doi.org/10.59490/mt.246.36