Exploring adaptive performance of health professions educators with the D‑ADAPT‑HP

Authors

Heleen Pennings, Netherlands iXperium Centre of Expertise Learning with ICT, HAN University of Applied Sciences | National Education Lab AI (NOLAI), Radboud University, The Netherlands; Lisette van Bruggen, Center for Research and Development of Education, Utrecht University, The Netherlands; Karel van den Bosch, Department of Human-Machine Teaming, Netherlands Organisations for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), The Netherlands; Esther A.P.B. Oprins, Department of Learning and Workforce Development, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), The Netherlands; Marieke van der Schaaf, Center for Research and Development in Health Professions Education, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands

Synopsis

Today's rapidly changing world and complex challenges requires flexibility and adaptability from our professionals. Adaptive performance is relevant for professionals in all kinds of domains, such as engineering, health professions, the military, and education. To study the perceived need for adaptive performance the D-ADAPT questionnaire can be used.

This questionnaire is developed with military professionals in mind. In this book chapter, we describe our efforts to adapt the D-ADAPT questionnaire for use in Health Professions (HP) Education, resulting in the D-ADAPT-HP.

We delineate the steps taken in this process: reformulated some questions, conducted confirmatory factor analysis to study its' suitability for use in HP Education. In addition, we analysed differences in the perceived need for adaptive performance for HP educators' job as a whole and for those who combine tasks areas in their job (i.e., teaching, research, and patient care).

Based on our results we investigated differences between military and HPE and identified the actions to be taken to use D-ADAPT in other contexts like engineering.

Author Biographies

Heleen Pennings, Netherlands iXperium Centre of Expertise Learning with ICT, HAN University of Applied Sciences | National Education Lab AI (NOLAI), Radboud University, The Netherlands

Heleen Pennings is professor of Applied Sciences in Learning with ict at HAN University of Applied Sciences and scientific coordinator of a co-implementation pilot at the Nationaal Onderwijslab AI at Radbout University: both in Nijmegen, the Netherlands.

She studied a variety of topics relating to training and education of professionals (health professionals, safety personnel and teachers), focusing on innovative research and educational methods inspired by complex dynamic systems thinking: e.g., technology enhanced learning, adaptive (immersive) learning, adaptive expertise, negative transfer of training in simulation, and interpersonal communication.

Lisette van Bruggen, Center for Research and Development of Education, Utrecht University, The Netherlands

Lisette holds a master's degree in educational sciences and has extensive experience with educational design in various contexts. Over 15 years, she has been involved in faculty development initiatives at UMC Utrecht, providing teacher training courses and coordinating the university teacher certification process.

She helped establish an Educator Community and worked as a staff member of the Center for Research and Development of Education. She is currently working on a PhD on the development of Adaptive Expertise in Education for HPE. 

Karel van den Bosch, Department of Human-Machine Teaming, Netherlands Organisations for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), The Netherlands

Karel van den Bosch is a senior research scientist at TNO Human Factors. He manages and conducts fundamental and applied research on the training of complex cognitive tasks (e.g., command & control, decision making, crisis management). His research interests include issues of scenario generation (the nature and sequencing of scenarios to achieve successful learning), instruction and feedback (how to effectively train decision-makers for dealing with unfamiliar and uncertain situations), and cognitive agents (developing and using intelligent software agents playing the role of teammate, adversary, or instructor). 

Esther A.P.B. Oprins, Department of Learning and Workforce Development, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), The Netherlands

Esther Oprins obtained her PhD at Maastricht University on the topic of selection and training of air traffic controllers. Her current position is Principal Consultant at TNO where she has worked for 15 years now. Her research focuses on personnel selection, training, assessment, and human behaviors in high-risk professions.

Most of her research has been done in the military domain and aviation. One of her research topics includes adaptability of military required in unpredictable crisis situations.

Marieke van der Schaaf, Center for Research and Development in Health Professions Education, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands

Marieke van der Schaaf is an educational scientist and full professor in Research and Development in Health Professions Education at University Medical Center Utrecht. She directs the Utrecht Center for Research and Development of Education and the Life Sciences Education Research PhD program at Utrecht University. With over 25 years of experience, her research focuses on adaptive expertise, feedback, and faculty development. She has received multiple international grants and supervises numerous (PhD) students and projects in these areas.

Published

May 19, 2026

License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Pennings, H., van Bruggen, L., van den Bosch, K., Oprins, E. A., & van der Schaaf, M. (2026). Exploring adaptive performance of health professions educators with the D‑ADAPT‑HP. In Y. Baggen, A. van den Beemt, M. van der Schaaf, & J. van Tartwijk (Eds.), Adaptive Performance: Conceptualisation and Mechanisms in Engineering Education (pp. 119-138). TU Delft OPEN Books. https://doi.org/10.59490/mt.246.37