Rethink the City: New approaches to Global and Local Urban Challenges
Synopsis
In light of rapid urbanisation and the accelerating threats of climate change, scale and multitude are what set the Global North and South apart. Yet, as this course exposes, the issues faced by urban areas have resembling themes and characteristics, regardless of economic status or geographic location. Therefore, in the context of sustainable urban development, the binary dichotomy of the terms ‘Global North’ and ‘Global South’ must be contested. While a focus on Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, Asia, and the MENA region, Rethink the City attempts to understand the transboundary nature of urban issues and provide a platform to gather insights beyond borders. It is only by learning from other narratives that we can collectively address the complex challenges ahead.
Downloads
References
Abdelatif, M., Elmouelhi, H., El-Wagieh, A., Alfiky, M., & Salheen, M. (2015). CONTEXTUALIZING ECO- NEIGHBORHOODS ASPECTS WITHIN SIWA OASIS. Ecocity World Summit 2015 Proceedings Ecocity World Summit 2015 Proceedings.
Abdelmonem, M. G. (2016). The Abject Dream of Neo-Capital: Capitalist Urbanism, Architecture and Endangered Live-Ability of the Middle East's Modern Cities. Open House International, 41(2), 38-46. https://doi.org/10.1108/OHI-02-2016-B0006
Abdou, I. (2020). An 'Arab' urban scholarship? Navigating the Tensions of Regional Categories - Arab Urbanismّيبرعلا نارمعلا . Arab Urbanism Magazine. https://www.araburbanism.com/magazine/an-arab-urban-scholarship
Adger, W. N., Barnett, J., Brown, K., Marshall, N., & O'brien, K. (2013). Cultural dimensions of climate change impacts and adaptation. Nature climate change, 3(2), 112-117. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1666
Adichie, C.N. (2009) The danger of a single story. TED Talk. Online: https://www.ted.com/talks/chimamanda_ngozi_adichie_the_danger_of_a_single_story?language=en
Agbo, M. (2018) The Problem with Architectural Education in Africa is Rooted in Cultural Imperialism. Common Edge. Online: https://commonedge.org/the-problem-with-architectural-education-in-africa-is-rooted-in-cultural-imperialism/
Agbor, J. (2015) How does colonial origin matter for economic performance in Sub-Saharan Africa? In: Fosu, A.K., ed. Growth and Institutions in African Development. London and New York: Routledge.
Ahmadi, D. (2017). Living with diversity in Jane-Finch. A+ BE| Architecture and the Built Environment, (12), 1-173. https://doi.org/10.59490/ABE.2017.12.1846
ALACHO (Association of Local Authority Chief Housing Officers) (2021) The Right to Adequate Housing: Are we Focusing of What Matters? Accessed at: https://housingevidence.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/ALACHO-HR-PAPER.pdf
Alharithy, H. (2021). Urban Recovery: Intersecting Displacement with Post War Reconstruction. Routledge. https://www.routledge.com/Urban-Recovery-Intersecting-Displacement-with-Post-War-Reconstruction/Al-Harithy/p/book/9780367550424?fbclid=IwAR2z7As8vpK-Q9lFLk_PMdP77rQ-XWgwSJIwnb0YQh7hfmqZi8LvQBbutMI
Alkhalefy, S., Piroozfar, P., & Church, A. (2016). Resilience through Urban Management of Reconstruction in Post-Conflict Settings: A focus on Housing Interventions in the Case of Iraq. UK-Irland Planning Research Conference.
Allegra, M., Bono, I., Rokem, J., Casaglia, A., Marzorati, R., & Yacoi, H. (2013). Rethinking Cities in Contentious Times: The Mobilisation of Urban Dissent in the 'Arab Spring.' Urban Studies, 50(9), 1675-1688. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098013482841
Al-Rawi, N. (2021). The recovery of Baghdad's neighborhoods in the aftermath of "Al-Taifiyah" sectarian conflict. Urban Recovery: Intersecting Displacement with Post War Reconstruction, 188-214. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003091707-9
Amin, S. (2009) Eurocentrism: Modernity, religion and democracy; a critique of Eurocentralism and Culturalism. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Amirahmadi, H. (1993). Planning and Design (Vol. 20). https://doi.org/10.1068/b200537
Andraos, A. (2016). The Arab City. Places Journal, 2016. https://doi.org/10.22269/160531
Andrews, R., Cowell, R., Downe, J., Martin, S., & Turner, D. (2008). Supporting Effective Citizenship in Local Government: Engaging, Educating and Empowering Local Citizens. Local Government Studies, 34(4), 489-507. https://doi.org/10.1080/03003930802217462
Arnstein, S. R. (1969). A Ladder Of Citizen Participation. Journal of the American Planning Association, 35(4), 216-224. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944366908977225
Ashoub, S. H., & Elkhateeb, M. W. (2021). Enclaving the City ; New Models of Containing the Urban Populations : A Case Study of Cairo. 6(2), 202-217. https://doi.org/10.17645/up.v6i2.3880
Athar Lina. (2012). Al Atharlina Al Atharlina - Athar Lina. https://atharlina.com/Ayoub, V. (2020, August). The Problematics of 'Informal Urbanism' as a Terminology and its Use to Refer to Palestinian Localities in Israel - Arab Urbanism ّيبرعلا نارمعلا. Arab Urbanism Magazine. https://www.araburbanism.com/magazine/problematics-of-informality
Barakat, S. (2021). Necessary conditions for integrated approaches to the post-conflict recovery of cultural heritage in the Arab World. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 27(5), 433-448. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2020.1799061
Bayat, A. (2013). Life as politics: how ordinary people change the Middle East. Stanford University Press.Beirut Urban Lab. (2006). Beirut Urban Lab - About. https://beiruturbanlab.com/en/About
Bengtsson, Bo. (2001) Housing as a Social Right: Implications for Welfare State Theory. Scandinavian Political Studies, Vol. 24, No. 4. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9477.00056
Borie, M., Pelling, M., Ziervogel, G., & Hyams, K. (2019). Mapping narratives of urban resilience in the global south. Global Environmental Change, 54, 203-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.01.001
Borie, M., Pelling, M., Ziervogel, G., & Hyams, K. (2019). Mapping narratives of urban resilience in the global south. Global Environmental Change, 54, 203-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.01.001
Brown, K. (2014). Global environmental change I: A social turn for resilience?. Progress in human geography, 38(1), 107-117. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132513498837
Bujo, B. (2009) "Is There a Specific African Ethic?" In: Munyaradzi, F.M., ed. African Ethics: An Anthology of Comparative and Applied Ethics. Scottsville, South Africa: University of Kwazulu-Natal Press.
Carolini, Gabriella. (2018). Go South, Young Planner, Go South!. Journal of Planning Education and Research. 40. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X18754317
Carrion Fernando and Cepeda Paulina (2021) (ed). Quito: La Ciudad que se disuelve, COVID 19. FLACSO, Ecuador.
Carter, J. G., Cavan, G., Connelly, A., Guy, S., Handley, J., & Kazmierczak, A. (2015). Climate change and the city: Building capacity for urban adaptation. Progress in Planning, 95, 1-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progress.2013.08.001
Choplin, A. (2012). De-Westernising urban theory. Metropolitics. Available online at http://www.metropolitiques.eu/De-Westernising-Urban-Theory.html.
Cluster. (2011). Cluster Cairo. https://clustercairo.org/
Cohen-Shacham, E., Walters, G., Janzen, C., & Maginnis, S. (2016). Nature-based solutions to address global societal challenges. IUCN: Gland, Switzerland, 97. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2016.13.en
Comaroff, J., & Comaroff, J. L. (2012). Theory from the South: Or, how Euro-America is Evolving Toward Africa. Anthropological Forum, 22(2), 113-131. https://doi.org/10.1080/00664677.2012.694169
Connelly, Stephen. (2009). Deliberation in the face of power: Stakeholder planning in Egypt. Policy and Society, 28(3), 185-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polsoc.2009.08.003
Connelly, Steve. (2010). Participation in a Hostile State: How do Planners Act to Shape Public Engagement in Politically Difficult Environments? Planning Practice & Research, 25(3), 333-351.https://doi.org/10.1080/02697459.2010.503427
Corburn, Jason et al. (2020). "Slum health: arresting COVID-19 and improving well-being in urban informal settlements". Journal of urban health, 97: 348-357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-020-00438-6
Crystal, D. (2003). English as a global language. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Dalal, A. (2014). Camp Cities between Planning and Practice: Mapping the Urbanisation of Zaatari Camp [Stuttgart University & Ain Shams University]. https://www.academia.edu/29398418/Camp_Cities_between_Planning_and_Practice_Mapping_the_Urbanisation_of_Zaatari_Camp
Davoudi, S. (2012). Resilience, a bridging concept or a dead end? Planning Theory and Practice, 13(2), 299-333. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2012.677124
De Boeck, F., Cassiman, A., & Van Wolputte, S. (2010). Recentering the city: an anthropology of secondary cities in Africa.
De Vries, E., Schoonvelde, M., & Schumacher, G. (2018). No Longer Lost in Translation: Evidence that Google Translate Works for Comparative Bag-of-Words Text Applications. Political Analysis, 26(4), 417-430. https://doi.org/10.1017/pan.2018.26
Deng, R., & Benckendorff, P. (2021). What are the key themes associated with the positive learning experience in MOOCs? An empirical investigation of learners' ratings and reviews. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-021-00244-3
DESA Population Division (2022). Countries in the world by population [Data file]. Retrieved from https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/population-by-country/
Donoso, Rosa and Carrion, Andrea (coord) 2020. Ciudades y territorios sosteni-bles. Aportes desde la Academia. Alianza para el Desarrollo Urbano Sostenible. Accessed at: https://biblio.flacsoandes.edu.ec/libros/151743-opac
Donoso, Rosa and Carrion, Andrea (coord) 2020. Ciudades y territorios sostenibles. Aportes desde la Academia. Alianza para el Desarrollo Urbano Sostenible. Accessed at: https://biblio.flac-soandes.edu.ec/libros/151743-opac
Donoso, Rosa and Elsinga, Marja. (2018). "Management of low-income condo-miniums in Bogotá and Quito: the balance between property law and self-or-ganisation". International Journal of Housing Policy, 18 (2), 312-334. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616718.2016.1248608
Duque, Isabel, Ortiz, Catalina and Samper, Jota. (2020). "Mapping repertoires of collective action facing the COVID-19 pandemic in informal settlements in Latin American cities". Environment & Urbanization, Vol 32 (2): 532-546. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247820944823
Eberhard, David M., Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). (2018). Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Twenty-second edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online: http://www.ethnologue.com
Edensor, T., & Jayne, M. (Eds.). (2012). Urban theory beyond the West: a world of cities. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203802861
El-Azzazy, M., & Zaazaa, A. (2017). Urban Trojan: Urban social innovations in Egypt between the hands of researchers, the community and public authorities. PlaNext - next Generation Planning, 5(January 2017), 61-77 https://doi.org/10.24306/plnxt.2017.05.005
Elkhateeb, M. W. (2020). The Bridges are coming! How local planners continue to cut through the fabric of Cairo by building mega highways and flyovers through its neighborhoods. September.
Elsheshtawy, Y. (Ed.). (2008). The evolving Arab city: tradition, modernity and urban development. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203696798
Eltinay, N. (2019). City-to-city exchange: redefining "resilience" in the Arab region. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 10(4), 222-238. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDRBE-05-2019-0028
Elwageeh, A., Ham, M. van, & Kleinhans, R. (2020). Active Citizenship and Neighborhood Governance; North-Western Literature and Global South Realities. Sociology and Anthropology, 8(2), 36-48. https://doi.org/10.13189/sa.2020.080202
Ergin, M. & Alkan, A. (2019) Academic neo-colonialism in writing practices: Geographic markers in three journals from Japan, Turkey and the US. Geoforum 104: 259-266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2019.05.008
Fainstein, S. (2009). Spatial justice and planning. Justice Spatiale/Spatial Justice, 1, 1-13.
Fainstein, S. (2010). The just city. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Fasii, Bohdan, Andrii Levytskyi and Andrii Savytskyi. (2021). "The right to hous-ing: during and after the covid-19 pandemic". Ius Humani, Vol. 10 (1): 27-50. https://doi.org/10.31207/ih.v10i1.269
Flavin, M. (2017). Disruptive Technology Enhanced Learning: The Use and Misuse of Digital Technologies in Higher Education (Digital Education and Learning) (1st ed. 2017 ed.). Palgrave Macmillan.
Folke, C. (2006). Resilience: The emergence of a perspective for social-ecological systems analyses. Global Environmental Change ,16 (3), 253-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.04.002
Francesch-Huidobro, M., Dabrowski, M., Tai, Y., Chan, F., & Stead, D. (2017). Governance challenges of flood-prone delta cities: Integrating flood risk management and climate change in spatial planning. Progress in Planning, 114, 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progress.2015.11.001
Gaventa, J. (2006). Triumph, Deficit or Contestation? Deepening the 'Deepening Democracy' Debate. www.ids.ac.uk/ids/bookshop
Gil, Diego, Patricio Domínguez, Eduardo Undurraga and Valenzuela, Eduardo. (2021). "Employment loss in informal settlements during the Covid-19 pandemic: evidence from Chile". Journal of urban health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-021-00575-6
Göll, E., Uhl, A., & Zwiers, J. (2019). Sustainable Development in the Mena Region. In MENARA Future Notes (Issue 20). https://www.iai.it/en/pubblicazioni/sustainable-development-mena-region
Grinin, L., Korotayev, A., & Tausch, A. (2018). Islamism, Arab Spring, and the Future of Democracy, Perspectives on Development in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91077-2
Gupte, Jaideep and Mitlin, Diana. (2020). "COVID-19: what is not be-ing addressed". Environment & Urbanization, 33 (1): 211-228. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247820963961
Harb, M. (2019). Report of the Regional Consultation Workshop on Urban Rights Activism in the Arab Region. https://www.activearabvoices.org/uploads/8/0/8/4/80849840/urban_citizens_-_v.1.5_-_digital.pdf
Hourani, N. B. (2014). Urbanism and neoliberal order: The development and redevelopment of amman. Journal of Urban Affairs, 36(SUPPL.2), 634-649. https://doi.org/10.1111/juaf.12092
Ibrahim, K. (2014). Post-Revolutionary Urban Egypt: A New Mode of Practice? In Égypte/Monde arabe (Issue 11). https://doi.org/10.4000/ema.3330
International Telecommunication Union (ITU) (2021) Connectivity in the Least Developed Regions Status Report (2021) Available at https://www.un.org/ohrlls/sites/www.un.org.ohrlls/files/21-00606_1e_ldc-digital_connectivity-rpt_e.pdf
International Telecommunication Union (ITU) (2021b) Share of Internet users in urban areas twice as high as in rural areas. Retrieved from https://www.itu.int/itu-d/reports/statistics/2021/11/15/internet-use-in-urban-and-rural-areas/ Retrieved from https://www.mastersportal.com/articles/341/studying-in-the-netherlands-tuition-fees-and-funding.html
Johnson, B. J. (2012). Public Service Motivation and the Technical, Political, and Facilitator Roles of City Planners. International Journal of Public Administration, 35(1), 30-45. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2011.635454
Kessi, S. (2017). Decolonising knowledge: Notes on race, gender, and activism. Presented at the Decolonisation, pluriversality, and African-situatedness in sexuality and sexuality-related violence research and advocacy colloquium. Hosted by SAMRC, South Africa. Online: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ammCLylRjfQ
Klein, R.J., Nicholls, R.J., & Thomalla, F. (2003). Resilience to natural hazards: How useful is this concept? Global Environmental Change Part B: Environmental Hazards, 5(1), 35-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hazards.2004.02.001
Kolapo & Akurang-Parry, eds. (2007) African Agency and European Colonialism: Latitudes of Negotiation and Containment. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America.
Kuhla von Bergmann, N., Ohlenburg, H., Pahl-Weber, E., & Seelig, S. (2013). Urban Challenges and Urban Design Approaches for Resource-Efficient and Climate-Sensitive Urban Design in the MENA Region. 05. https://depositonce.tu-berlin.de/handle/11303/4001
Le Roux, H. (2003) The networks of tropical architecture. The Journal of Architecture 8(3): 337-354. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360236032000134835
League of Arab States. (2016). Towards an Arab Urban Agenda.
Lefebvre, H. (1996). Writing on Cities (E. Kofman & E. Lebas (eds.)). Blackwell.
Mabry, T. (2013). ARAB DI-NATIONALISM. The Levantine Review, 2(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.6017/lev.v2i1.5081
Madanipour, A. (1999). Why are the Design and Development of Public Spaces Significant for Cities? Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 26(6), 879-891. https://doi.org/10.1068/b260879
MADD Platform. (2015). Maspero parallel participatory project by Madd Platform - issuu. https://issuu.com/maddplatform/docs/maspero_parallel_participatory_proj
Mahler, Anne Garland. 2018. From the Tricontinental to the Global South: Race, Radicalism, and Transnational Solidarity. Durham: Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822371717
Mahler, Anne Garland. 2018. From the Tricontinental to the Global South: Race, Radicalism, and Transnational Solidarity. Durham: Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822371717
Mahmoud, R. ., & Rashid, R. (2016). New Cairo's Urban Paradox: All-Inclusive Urbanism vs. Social Exclusion. SBE 16 Cairo - Sustainable Built Environment Conference. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333798565_New_Cairo's_Urban_Paradox_All-Inclusive_Urbanism_vs_Social_Exclusion?_iepl%5BactivityId%5D=1445730418049027&_iepl%5BactivityTimestamp%5D=1639130195&_iepl%5BactivityType%5D=service_add_recommendation_publi
Mansour, K. (2020). From Utopia to Reality: Human Rights Activism in Arab Countries.
Marino, Raul, Eking Vargas and Flores, Mariana. (2020). "Impacts of COVID-19 lockdown restrictions on housing and public space use and adaptation: urban proximity, public health, and vulnerability in three Latin American cities". In: COVID-19 pandemic, geospatial information, and community resilience, p. 363-383. CRC Press. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/oa-ed-it/10.1201/9781003181590-31/impacts-covid-19-lockdown-restrictions-hous-ing-public-space-use-adaptation-urban-proximity-public-health-vulnerabili-ty-three-latin-american-cities-raul-marino-elkin-vargas-mariana-flores. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003181590-31
Massey, D. S., & Denton, N. A. (1988). The dimensions of residential segregation. Social forces, 67(2), 281-315. https://doi.org/10.2307/2579183
Meerow, S., Newell, J. P., & Stults, M. (2016). Defining urban resilience: A review. Landscape and urban planning, 147, 38-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.11.011
Meijer, R., & Butenschøn, N. (2017). Introduction: The Crisis of Citizenship in the Arab World. In R. Meijer & N. Butenschøn (Eds.), Series: Social, economic and political studies of the middle east; V. 116 (pp. 1-37). Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004340985
Meir, A. (2005). Bedouin, the Israeli state and insurgent planning: Globalization, localization or glocalization? Cities, 22(3), 201-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2005.03.008
Meyer, H., Bobbink, I., & Nijhuis, S. (2010). Delta Urbanism-The Netherlands. Washington, DC: American Planning Association Planners Press.
MHUC. (2021). ةديدجلا ةيرادإلا ةمصاعلا "The New Administrative capital." The Ministry of Housing, Utilities and Urban Communities in Egypt. http://www.mhuc.gov.eg/Programs/Index/132
Miller, V., L. VeneKlasen, M. Reilly, and C. Clark. 2006. Making Change Happen: Power, 3. Washington: Just Associates.
Mitova, V. (2020). Decolonising Knowledge Here and Now. Philosophical Papers, 49(2), 191-212. https://doi.org/10.1080/05568641.2020.1779606
Montorio-Garrija, Judith and Pedro Álvarez Ondina. (2021, august 24th). "The impact of the pandemic on international housing markets: is there a risk of overheating?". CaixaBank research. https://www.caixabankresearch.com/en/sector-analysis/real-estate/impact-pandemic-international-housing-mar-kets-there-risk-overheating.
Moreno Pessoa, I., Vergara, L. M., Korthals Altes, W., & Rocco, R. (2019). RETHINKING PLANNING EDUCATION USING MASSIVE OPEN ONLINE COURSES: THE CASE OF RETHINK THE CITY. Transactions of the Association of European Schools of Planning, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.24306/TrAESOP.2019.01.006
Myers, G. (2003) Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa. Syracuse: University Press.
Nesshöver, C., Assmuth, T., Irvine, K. N., Rusch, G. M., Waylen, K. A., Delbaere, B., ... & Wittmer, H. (2017). The science, policy and practice of nature-based solutions: An interdisciplinary perspective. Science of the total environment, 579, 1215-1227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.106
Nyashanu, Mathew, Prisca Simbanegavi and Gibson, Linda. (2020). "Exploring the impact of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on informal settlements in Tshawne Gauteng Province, South Africa". Global public health, 25 (10): 1443-1453. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2020.1805787
OECD/SWAC (2020), Africa's Urbanisation Dynamics 2020: Africapolis, Mapping a New Urban Geography, West African Studies, OECD Publishing, Paris.
Parnell, S., & Oldfield, S. (2014). HANDBOOK ON CITIES OF THE GLOBAL SOUTH. In S. Parnell & S. Oldfield (Eds.), THE ROUTLEDGE. http://www.stellenboschheritage.co.za/wp-content/uploads/Susan-Parnell-Sophie-Oldfield-The-Routledge-Handbook-on-Cities-of-the-Global-South-Routledge-2014.pdf https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203387832
Patel, S. (2014). Is there a 'south' perspective to urban studies? In S. Parnell & S. Oldfield (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook on Cities of the Global South (pp. 37-47).
Peck, J. (2012). Austerity urbanism: American cities under extreme economy. City, 16(6), 626-655. https://doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2012.734071
Pieterse, E. & Simone, A.M. (2013) Rogue Urbanism: Emergent African Cities. Johannesburg: Jacana Media.
Public Work. (2012). Public Work Studio. https://publicworksstudio.com/arRoy, A. (2009). The 21st-Century Metropolis: New Geographies of Theory. Regional Studies, 43(6), 819-830. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400701809665
Quaife, Matthew, et al. (2020). "The impact of COVID-19 control measures on social con-tacts and transmission in Kenyan informal settlements". BMC Medice, 18: 316. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01779-4
Quian, Xianhang, Shanyun Qiu and Zang, Guangli. (2021). "The impact of COVID-19 on house price: evidence from China". Finance research letters. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2021.101944
Rajagopal, Balakrishnan (2021) Housing discrimination and spatial segregation. The Special Rapporteur on the right to adequate housing. To the 76th session of the General Assembly in 2021. Accessed at: https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Housing/Pages/CFI_Segregation.aspx
Ribeiro, P. J. G., & Gonçalves, L. A. P. J. (2019). Urban resilience: A conceptual framework. Sustainable Cities and Society, 50, 101625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101625
Robertson, T. & Simonsen, J. (2012) Challenges and Opportunities in Contemporary Participatory Design. Design Issues 28 (3): 3-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1162/DESI_a_00157
Robertson, M. (2012). Introduction: The challenge of urban sustainability. Sustainable cities: Local solutions in the Global South. Ottawa: Practical action publishing, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3362/9781780440002.001
Robertson, T. & Wagner, I. (2012) "Ethics: Engagement, Representation, and Politics-in-Action," in Jesper Simonsen and Toni Robertson, eds., Handbook of Participatory Design. New York and London: Routledge.
Robinson, J. (2006) Ordinary Cities. New York and London: Routledge.
Robinson, J. (2013). Ordinary cities: between modernity and development. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203506554
Robinson, J. (2016). Starting from anywhere, making connections: globalizing urban theory. Eurasian Geography and Economics, 57(4-5), 643-657. https://doi.org/10.1080/15387216.2016.1271617
Rocco, Roberto. (2020) Urbanización informal en tiempos de corona: Cómo el coronavirus podría cambiar la forma como tratamos a la urbanización informal. pp.31-
Rostowski, J. & Stacescu, B. (2008). Impact of "Legal School" Versus Recent Colonial Origin on Economic Growth. In: Åslund, A. and Dabrowski, M, eds. Challenges of globalization: imbalances and growth. Washington, DC: Peterson Institute for International Economics, Center for Social and Economic Research.
Salama, A. M. (2019). Reflections on architectural education of the muslim world within a global world. International Journal of Islamic Architecture, 8(1), 33-41. https://doi.org/10.1386/ijia.8.1.33_1
Sayed, N. (2021, February 11). After the Basilica saga: Between the wheel and the bridge - Egypt - Al-Ahram Weekly - Ahram Online. Ahram Online. http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/50/1201/402733/AlAhram-Weekly/Egypt/After-the-Basilica-saga-Between-the-wheel-and-the-.aspx
Sethi, Mahendra and Mittal, Shilpi. (2020). "Improvised rental housing to make cities COVID safe in India". Cities, 106: 102922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.102922
Sethi, Mahendra y Creutzig, Feliz. (2021). "COVID-19 recovery and the global urban poor". npj Urban Sustainability 1 (23). https://doi.org/10.1038/s42949-021-00025-x
Shapiro, Heather B., Clara H. Lee, Noelle E. Wyman Roth, Kun Li, Mine Çetinkaya-Rundel and Dorian A. Canelas (2017) Understanding the massive open online course (MOOC) student experience: An examination of attitudes, motivations, and barriers. Computers & Education, 110 (Supplement C), pp.35-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2017.03.003
Shawkat, Y., & Hendawy, M. (2017). The Built Environment Budget 16/17 | Part I: An Overview of Spatial Justice - Built Environment Observatory BEO. The Built Environmental Observatory. http://marsadomran.info/en/policy_analysis/2017/05/800/
Shawkat, Y., & Khalil, A. (2016). The Built Environment Budget 15/16 | An Analysis of Spatial Justice in Egypt - Built Environment Observatory BEO. The Built Environmental Observatory. http://marsadomran.info/en/policy_analysis/2016/11/589/
Siclari, Paola. (2020). "Desarrollo urbano sostenible en el marco de los acuerdos internac-ionales y la pandemia por COVID-19" in Donoso and Carrion. (coord) 2020. Ciudades y territorios sostenibles. Aportes desde la Academia. Alianza para el Desarrollo Urbano Sos-tenible. Accessed at: https://biblio.flacsoandes.edu.ec/libros/151743-opac
Sika, N. (2019). TRUST AND ACTIVISM IN THE MENA. In APSA MENA Politics Section (Vol. 2, Issue 2). American Political Science Association - Middle East and North Africa.
Simone, A. (2001). On the worlding of African cities. African Studies Review, 44(2), 15-41. https://doi.org/10.2307/525573
Simone, A. (2010). City life from Jakarta to Dakar: movements at the crossroads. Routledge https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203892497
Smit, Warren. (2020). "The challenge of COVID-19 in African cities: an urgent call for informal settlements upgrading". Cities & Health. https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2020.1816757
Soja, E. (2009). The city and spatial justice. Justice spatiale/Spatial justice, 1(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.5749/minnesota/9780816666676.003.0001
Soja, E.W. (2010) Seeking Spatial Justice; Volume 16 (1st edition). Amsterdam University Press. https://doi.org/10.5749/minnesota/9780816666676.003.0001
Statistica (2022a) Global digital population as of April 2022(in billions). Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/617136/digital-population-worldwide/
Statistica (2022c) Number of Smartphone users worldwide 2016-2027. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/330695/number-of-smartphone-users-worldwide/
Statstica (2022b) Internet usage worldwide - statistics & facts. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/topics/779/mobile-internet/#dossierKeyfigures
Tadamun. (2012). Home - Tadamun. http://www.tadamun.co/?lang=enTakween. (2009). Takween Integrated Community Development | Urban Consultant | Cairo | Egypt. https://www.takween-eg.com
Tai, Y. (2018). Changing Values on Water in Delta Cities: The case of Guangzhou in China's Pearl River Delta. A+ BE| Architecture and the Built Environment, (20), 1-224. https://doi.org/10.59490/ABE.2018.20.2562
Tall, M.J.C. (2018). #Transmissions - Jean-Charles Tall in conversation with Mpho Matsipa. African Mobilities 2.0. Online: https://soundcloud.com/africanmobilities/transmissions-jean-charles-tall-in-conversation-with-mpho-matsipa
The Built Environment Observatory. (2015). About - Built Environment Observatory .نارمعلا دصرم https://marsadomran.info/en/about-en/
The world Bank. (2014). Natural Disasters in the Middle East and North Africa: A Regional Overview (Issue January).
Tonkiss, F. (2013). Austerity urbanism and the makeshift city. City, 17(3), 312-324. https://doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2013.795332
Tschakert, P., & Dietrich, K. A. (2010). Anticipatory learning for climate change adaptation and resilience. Ecology and society, 15(2) https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-03335-150211
TU Delft. (2021). Decolonising Knowledge: What is Decolonisation? | Rolando Vázquez Melken. [Online Video]. 23 February 2021. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1CUKW2h4Dtg&ab_channel=StudiumGeneraleDelft. [Accessed: 12 October 2022].
UDC. (2015). CAIRO NEW ADMINISTRATIVE CAPITAL. UDC - Urban Development Consortium. http://www.udc5.com/project/wedian-new-capital-city/
UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2021) Tertiary education, academic staff (% female. [Data file] Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.TER.TCHR.FE.ZS
UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2021b) Literacy rate, adult total (% of people aged 15 and above) [Data set]. Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.LITR.ZSUN.
UN-Habitat. (2012). The State of Arab Cities 2012 Challenges of Urban Transition. UN-Habitat. www.unhabitat.org
United Nations. (2019), Report of the Secretary-General on SDG Progress 2019. Special Edition.
Valenzuela-Levi, N., Echiburu, T., Correa, J. Hurtubia, R. and Muñoz, J.C. (2021). "Housing and accessibility after the COVID-19 pandemic: rebuilding for resilience, equity and sustainable mobility". Transport policy, 109: 48-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.05.006
van Veelen, P. C. (2016). Adaptive planning for resilient coastal waterfronts. Doctoral dissertation of Delft University of Technology, A+ BE, 19. https://doi.org/10.59490/ABE.2016.19.1424
van Lanen, S. (2017). Living austerity urbanism: space-time expansion and deepening socio-spatial inequalities for disadvantaged urban youth in Ireland. Urban Geography, 38(10), 1603-1613. https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2017.1349989
van Lanen, S. (2020). Encountering austerity in deprived urban neighbourhoods: Local geographies and the emergence of austerity in the lifeworld of urban youth. Geoforum, 110, 220-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.11.011
Vergara, José, Juan Correa and Aguirre, Carlos. (2020). "The spatial correlation between the spread of COVID-19 and vulnerable areas in Santiago de Chile". Critical housing analysis, 7 (2): 21-35. https://doi.org/10.13060/23362839.2020.7.2.512
Vergara, Luz, Vincent Gruis and van der Flier, Kees. (2019). "Understanding housing management by low-income homeowners: technical, organisational and sociocultural challenges in Chilean condominium housing". Buildings, 9 (3): 65. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings9030065
Waha, K., Krummenauer, L., Adams, S., Marcia, P., Alexander, R., & Adams, S. (2017). Climate change impacts in the Middle East and Northern Africa ( MENA ) region and their implications for vulnerable population groups. Reg Environ Change, 17, 1623-1638. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-017-1144-2
Ward, Peter, Edith Jiménez and Di Virgilio, Mercedes. (2015). Housing policy in Latin American cities: a new generation of strategies and approaches for 2016 UN-Habitat III. New York: Routledge.
Watson, V. (2009). Seeing from the South: Refocusing urban planning on the globe's central urban issues. Urban Studies, 46(11), 2259-2275. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098009342598
Watson, V. (2009). Seeing from the South: Refocusing Urban Planning on the Globe's Central Urban Issues. Urban Studies, 46(11), 2259-2275. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098009342598
Watson, Vanessa. (2016). Planning mono-culture or planning difference?. Planning Theory & Practice. 17. 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2015.1127994
WBG (Women's Budget Group). (2020). "Housing, gender and Covid-19". Accessed at: https://wbg.org.uk/analysis/uk-policy-briefings/housing-gender-and-covid-19/.
Weinhardt, J. M., & Sitzmann, T. (2019). Revolutionizing training and education? Three questions regarding massive open online courses (MOOCs). Human Resource Management Review, 29(2), 218-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2018.06.004
Whitaker, João, Eduardo Rojas, Higor de Souza Carvalho, Carolina Rago and Ligia San-ti Lupo. (2020). "Housing policies and the roles of local governments in Latin America: recent experiences". International Institute for Environment and Development: 1-18.
Wijburg, Gertjan. (2021). "The de-financialization of housing: towards a research agenda". Housing studies, 36 (8): 1276-1293.
Wilkinson, Annie. (2020). "Local response in health emergencies: key considerations for addressing the COVID-19 pandemic in informal urban settlements". Environment & Urban-ization, Vol 32 (2): 503-522.
Winschiers-Theophilus, H., Bidwell, N.J., & Blake, E. (2012) Community Consensus: Design Beyond Participation. Design Issues 28 (3): 89-100. https://doi.org/10.1162/DESI_a_00164
World Health Organization (1989). Health Principles of Housing. Accessed at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/39847
World Health Organization (2020) WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020. Accessed at: https://www.who.int/director-gen-eral/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020
World Population Review (2022). Spanish Speaking Countries 2022. [Data set] Retrieved from https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/spanish-speaking-countries
Worldometer (2022). Countries in the World by Population [Data set] Retrieved from https://www.worldometers.info/
Yigitcanlar, T., & Teriman, S. (2015). Rethinking sustainable urban development: towards an integrated planning and development process. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 12(1), 341-352. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-013-0491-x
Yim Yiu, Chung. (2021). "Why house prices increase in the COVID-19 recession: a five-country empirical study on the real interest rate hypothesis". Urban Sci, 5 (77). https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci5040077
Zaazaa, A. (2019). ةرهاقلا يف ةيمنتلا تاهجوت فواخم :يرسقلا ينارمعلا ثيدحتلا"Forced Urban Modernization: Concerns for Cairo's Development Trends." Alternative Policy Solutions Research Project. http://aps.aucegypt.edu/ar/commentary-postةرهاقلا-ينارمعلا-ثيدحتلا//?fbclid=IwAR20rQTkyTE2nxb3QqgUIvjNqkkeFGlQaNjHJNHFtUT_bDQtWlgLolYZCXQ
